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| 1608 |
| | | A lucky accident reveals the principle of the telescope to a spectacle maker, Hans Lippershey. In the Dutch town of Middelburg | |
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| 1609 |
| | | Galileo improves on the Dutch telescope (and doubles his salary by presenting one to his employer) | |
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| 1640 |
| | | The first book published in England's American colonies is Bay Psalm Book, a revised translation of the psalms | |
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| 1642 |
| | | The Briare canal, joining the Seine to the Loire, has a staircase of six consecutive locks | |
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| 1643 |
| | | Evangelista Torricelli, observing variations in a column of mercury, discovers the principle of the barometer | |
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| c. 1650 |
| | | A German burgomaster, Otto von Guericke, devises an air pump capable of creating a vacuum | |
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| 1653 |
| | | The English admiral Robert Blake introduces a system of signalling at sea by means of flags | |
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| 1654 |
| | | Otto von Guericke uses sixteen horses to demonstrate in Regensburg the power of a vacuum | |
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| 1656 |
| | | Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens constructs the first pendulum clock, on Christmas Day in the Hague | |
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| c. 1658 |
| | | Prince Rupert of the Rhine pioneers mezzotint, the first half-tone technique in printing | |
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